The term neurobiology describes the scientific study of the nervous system within a purely biologic capacity, encompassing those scientific disciplines concerned with the development, molecular and cellular structure, chemistry, functionality, evolution, and pathology of the neural networks constructing the nervous system. The nervous system, which in vertebrates is comprised of both the central and peripheral nervous systems, is a sophisticated networking of neural cells that function through the transmission of excitatory or inhibitory signaling to process information and orchestrate all bodily functions, including the capacity for motor and sensory function, cognition, and emotion. Understanding the development and homeostasis of the nervous system, the many pathways responsible for maintaining and regulating its proper functionality, and the implications of nervous system dysfunction, remain poignant within research concerning the nervous system and neurodegenerative diseases.